Resilience optimization in disruption-prone sustainable reverse supply chains for lead-acid battery waste management in Brazil: A stochastic model for public and private policy formulation

This study explores the relationship between disruptive events in supply chains and investments from public and private policies aimed at recovery. It focuses on the improper disposal of lead-acid battery waste in Brazil, which poses environmental and health risks, and suggests strategies for managing this waste through Brazilian reverse supply chains. A stochastic model was developed to optimize investments in resilient capabilities like absorption, adaptation, and recovery before and after disruptions. The results show that proactive investments should prioritize creating redundancies and collaboration to ensure timely restoration of waste supply, especially during low-severity events. The study provides a model that guides the allocation of resources for sustainable waste management in Brazilian lead-acid battery operations and highlights the importance of public and private policy formulation in enhancing supply chain resilience.