Beyond the Jump: A Scoping Review of External Training Load Metrics in Volleyball

Context: Volleyball is a complex sport involving multifaceted movements and high-velocity actions, leading to diverse external training loads (ETLs) that have profound implications for player performance and injury risk. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the measurement of ETL in volleyball, identify gaps in current understanding, and offer valuable insights for stakeholders in the field. Data Sources: The literature search was conducted across the following electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Study Selection: Studies were selected based on their relevance to the measurement of ETL in volleyball. Study Design: A scoping review methodology was chosen to map and summarize the broad body of literature related to ETL measurement in volleyball. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data related to ETL measurements in volleyball were extracted and analyzed from the selected studies, focusing on metrics utilized, player positions examined, and technologies employed. Results: A total of 18 studies related to ETL in volleyball were identified and examined for this review. Despite the importance of sagittal plane movements in volleyball, the review identified a substantial research gap regarding ETL measurements beyond this plane, as well as a lack of focus on the unique demands of different player positions like the liberos. The use of technologies such as inertial measurement units was prevalent, but more comprehensive measurement methods are needed. Conclusion: There is a critical need for diversified ETL metrics in volleyball, extending beyond the conventional sagittal plane measurements. The findings highlight a substantial research gap in addressing the unique demands of different player positions, notably the liberos. This study underscores the importance of incorporating multiplanar movement data, player-specific roles, and advanced measurement technologies to develop more tailored training programs and injury prevention strategies.