Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the quality of motivation,
engagement and well-being in the context of group classes, specifically in classes of mind
and body and muscular resistance.
Method. Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted based on observational
studies and RCTs on the basic psychological needs, motives and motivations for the practice
of group classes in adult individuals (ages between 18 and 65 years) of both sexes and
without diagnosed pathologies. The survey was conducted between January and May 2018 in
the PubMed databases, PsycINFO, and due to the scarcity of literature on this subject, a
manual survey was also carried out. The article search was based on the PICO model
according to the PRISMA recommendations. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a
sample of 60 participants (43.13 ± 10.42 years) at a health club in Lisbon. The quality of
motivation, engagement and well-being were assessed through questionnaires. T-tests and
Pearson correlations were used to perform the statistical analyses. Normality analyses were
performed at the beginning of the statistical treatment, using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In order
to be able to evaluate the mediator effect between the independent variables: self-determined
motivation (composite variables: identified regulation, integrated regulation and intrinsic
regulation) and non self-determined (composite variables: external regulation, introjection
regulation and amotivation); (behavioural, proactive, cognitive and emotional) as mediators,
and as a dependent variable the emotional response (psychological well-being, psychological
distress and fatigue), multiple mediations were also performed using PROCESS V.3.1.
Results. In the systematic review of the literature, 9 articles were included, of which 4
observational studies and 5 RCT studies. All of the articles selected had as outcomes the
motivational quality, motives and / or basic psychological needs of group class practitioners.
The results were in agreement with the theory of self-determination where it was verified that
the quality of the motivation regulates the behaviour, as well as the satisfaction of the basic
psychological needs leads to more intrinsic motivated behaviours and that the contextual
variables are important to create a environment conducive to practice. Positive associations
between psychological needs satisfaction and more self-determined motivations were found
and mentioned the fun, pleasure and pleasure in the exercise (intrinsic motivation) for the
practice of group classes.
In the second study, motivational quality although without significant values, was
slightly better in mind and body training classes compared to resistance training, refuting the
first hypothesis of study that expected a better motivational quality in classes of mind and
body. The promotion of psychological well-being was greater in resistance training classes,
refuting the second hypothesis. We also found that the emotive dimension of engagement
mediated the relationship between motivation and well being of group class.
Conclusion. It has been found that more self-determined motivations dominate the
reason why group-class members seek such activities to exercise. When PNSs are met,
intrinsic motivation increases and the taste for exercise, fun and "feeling good" are reasons
that stand out in order to continue the practice. The motivational quality presented values that
were not significant between modalities, but with respect to psychological well-being,
resistance training classes presented more significant values than in mind and body classes.
Engagement resistance is a variable that must be further explored in the future since it can be
a means to promote psychological well-being and greater adherence to practice, especially
the emotive dimension.
- SPORT
- PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- MOTIVATION
- SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY
- GROUP CLASSES
- TID:202303667
Análise da qualidade motivacional e engagement em aulas de grupo : treino de resistência muscular e treino de corpo e mente
Andrade, A. F. D. J. (Author). 2019
Student thesis: Master's Thesis