The effect of tunnel construction on future underground railway vibrations

This paper investigates the effect of initial tunnel construction on the future ground vibration levels generated during underground railway line operation. This is important because tunnel construction results in soil disturbance, thus inducing high soil strain levels near the tunnel lining. The resulting soil stiffness degradation impacts the future generation of ground-borne traffic vibration and it's propagation to the foundations of nearby buildings, however has never been investigated. Therefore, to address this, this work develops a novel hybrid modelling approach, consisting of a construction simulation model and an elastodynamics model. First the convergence-confinement method is used to determine the stress state induced during tunnel construction using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Next a 2.5D FEM-PML model consisting of vehicle-track-tunnel-soil is used to predict the vibration fields induced by underground trains. To link the approaches, the soil stiffness degradation contours computed from the tunnelling simulation act as inputs for the 2.5D underground railway model. This facilitates the assessment of the effect of tunnel construction on vibration levels. It is found that railway ground-borne vibration levels are underestimated if construction effects are ignored, with discrepancies of up to 10 dB found at higher frequencies. Therefore, when estimating future vibration levels during the underground railway design stage (e.g. for subway, metro, high-speed lines … etc), tunnel construction should be considered as an operational source of uncertainty.