Professional pharmacy Services' outcomes performance measurement: A narrative review

Lígia Reis, João Gregório

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Professional pharmacy services are widely recognized for their role in promoting patient health and ensuring optimal medication therapy outcomes. Community pharmacies and pharmacists need to assess professional services' performance at patient level and demonstrate their value to stakeholders. To do so is important to understand which outcome performance indicators are currently being used and how added value is proven. Objective: To identify performance indicators that measure patients' outcomes and demonstrate value of professional pharmacy services. Methods: A narrative review was performed based on a systematic search in Pubmed and Scopus databases since year 2000. Manually search was also conducted in Google Scholar and Google.com. Inclusion criteria followed the PCC mnemonic in which Population is “community pharmacies”, Context is “pharmaceutical care, professional pharmaceutical services or pharmaceutical interventions” and Concept is “key performance indicators, or performance measures or clinical indicators”. English, Spanish or Portuguese language were accepted. Results: All types of papers were included, adding up to a total of 12 papers. The publication of papers on this subject has increased in the last decade. Outcomes indicators identified were based in different frameworks, mainly linked to quality, and were clearly outlined. Disease and therapy management were the most evaluated services. Indicators were identified across 8 different domains corresponding, predominantly, to outputs rather than outcomes. Measurement is mainly conducted under the auspices of coalitions, alliances, government and payers reflecting their perspectives and based on easy-to-retrieve pharmacy data and information. Conclusions: A paradigm shift is needed, so that performance indicators are based on more appropriate frameworks to measure patient level outcomes and value assignment of professional pharmacy services. By providing robust evidence of the impact of pharmacist interventions on patient outcomes, community pharmacists can advocate for the integration, expansion, and recognition of pharmacist-led services within the broader healthcare system.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100533
JournalExploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
Volume16
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024

Funding

This work is funded by national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology , I.P., under the UIDB/04567/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDP/04567/2020 ) and UIDP/ 04567/2020 ( 10.54499/UIDB/04567/2020 ) projects. Jo\u00E3o Greg\u00F3rio is funded by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with the reference number CEECINST/00147/2018/CP1498/CT0011 .

FundersFunder number
Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaUIDB/04567/2020

    Keywords

    • Community pharmacy
    • Health outcomes
    • Performance measures
    • Professional pharmacy services
    • Value in Health

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