Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

Sungkyunkwan University’s research team

doi:10.1177/10870547231215518

Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

Sungkyunkwan University’s research team

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	512-530
Number of pages	19
Journal	Journal of Attention Disorders
Volume	28
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547231215518
Publication status	Published - 5 Jan 2024
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.

Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: KLe was supported by Sonatina grant awarded by National Science Centre, Poland, grant number: 2020/36/C/HS6/00005. MG was supported by National Science Centre of Poland grant number: 2021/40/Q/HS6/00219. LN was supported by the ÚNKP-22-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. MK was supported by the ÚNKP-22-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. SWK was supported by the Kindbridge Research Institute. ZD was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (Grant number: KKP126835). SB was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair. LJC was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19BSH117). RC was supported by Auckland University of Technology, 2021 Faculty Research Development Fund. HF was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) (Japan Society for The Promotion of Science, JP21H05173), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Japan Society for The Promotion of Science, 21H02849), and the smoking research foundation. RG was supported by Charles University institutional support program Cooperatio-Health Sciences. JBG was supported by grants from the International Center for Responsible Gaming and the Kindbridge Research Institute. CY-L was supported by the WUN Research Development Fund (RDF) 2021. JBi and ChL received support from the WUN Research Development Fund (RDF) 2021. KLu was supported by Charles University institutional support program Cooperatio-Health Sciences. PMT was supported by Universidad Cientifica del Sur. GO was supported by the ANR grant of the Chaire Professeur Junior of Artois University and by the Strategic Dialogue and Management Scholarship (Phase 1 and 2). SURT was supported by Brain Korea 21 (BK21) program of National Research Foundation of Korea. GQG was supported by the SNI #073–2022 (SENACYT, Rep. of Panama). KR was supported by a funding from the Hauts-de-France region (France) called “Dialogue Stratégique de Gestion 2 (DSG2).” DS was supported by the South African Medical Research Council. MPVM was supported by a Research Chair from the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières and a career award from the Fonds de recherche du Québec–Santé (FRQ-S).

Funders	Funder number
Artois University
Kindbridge Research Institute
Ministry for Culture and Innovation
SENACYT
Tier 1 Canada Research Chair
WUN Research Development Fund
Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand	2021 Faculty Research Development Fund
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Rare Disease Foundation
International Center for Responsible Gaming
Universidad Científica del Sur
Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
South African Medical Research Council
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	JP21H05173, 21H02849
National Research Foundation of Korea	Brain Korea 21 (BK21) program
Narodowe Centrum Nauki	2021/40/Q/HS6/00219, 2020/36/C/HS6/00005
Smoking Research Foundation
Région Hauts-de-France
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal	KKP126835
National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences
National Social Science Fund of China	19BSH117
Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap
Sistema Nacional de Investigadores	073–2022
Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación	SNI #073—2022

Keywords

ADHD
adult ADHD
assessment
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
cross-cultural

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1177/10870547231215518

Cite this

@article{b2bde699fda64f2aa8756670f1900212,

title = "Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener",

abstract = "Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.",

keywords = "ADHD, adult ADHD, assessment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cross-cultural",

author = "{Sungkyunkwan University{\textquoteright}s research team} and Karol Lewczuk and Przemys{\l}aw Marcowski and Magdalena Wiz{\l}a and Mateusz Gola and L{\'e}na Nagy and M{\'o}nika Ko{\'o}s and Kraus, {Shane W.} and Zsolt Demetrovics and Potenza, {Marc N.} and Rafael Ballester-Arnal and Dominik Batthy{\'a}ny and Sophie Bergeron and Jo{\"e}l Billieux and Peer Briken and Julius Burkauskas and Georgina C{\'a}rdenas-L{\'o}pez and Joana Carvalho and Jes{\'u}s Castro-Calvo and Lijun Chen and Giacomo Ciocca and Ornella Corazza and Csako, {Rita I.} and Fernandez, {David P.} and Hironobu Fujiwara and Fernandez, {Elaine F.} and Johannes Fuss and Roman Gabrhel{\'i}k and Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan and Biljana Gjoneska and Grubbs, {Joshua B.} and Hashim, {Hashim T.} and Islam, {Md Saiful} and Mustafa Ismail and Jim{\'e}nez-Mart{\'i}nez, {Martha C.} and Tanja Jurin and Ondrej Kalina and Verena Klein and Andr{\'a}s K{\"o}lt{\H o} and Lee, {Sang Kyu} and Lin, {Chung Ying} and Lin, {Yi Ching} and Christine Lochner and Silvia L{\'o}pez-Alvarado and Kate{\v r}ina Lukavsk{\'a} and Percy Mayta-Trist{\'a}n and Miller, {Dan J.} and O{\v I}ga Orosov{\'a} and G{\'a}bor Orosz and Ponce, {Fernando P.} and Quintana, {Gonzalo R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1177/10870547231215518",

language = "English",

volume = "28",

pages = "512--530",

journal = "Journal of Attention Disorders",

issn = "1087-0547",

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number = "4",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

AU - Sungkyunkwan University’s research team

AU - Lewczuk, Karol

AU - Marcowski, Przemysław

AU - Wizła, Magdalena

AU - Gola, Mateusz

AU - Nagy, Léna

AU - Koós, Mónika

AU - Kraus, Shane W.

AU - Demetrovics, Zsolt

AU - Potenza, Marc N.

AU - Ballester-Arnal, Rafael

AU - Batthyány, Dominik

AU - Bergeron, Sophie

AU - Billieux, Joël

AU - Briken, Peer

AU - Burkauskas, Julius

AU - Cárdenas-López, Georgina

AU - Carvalho, Joana

AU - Castro-Calvo, Jesús

AU - Chen, Lijun

AU - Ciocca, Giacomo

AU - Corazza, Ornella

AU - Csako, Rita I.

AU - Fernandez, David P.

AU - Fujiwara, Hironobu

AU - Fernandez, Elaine F.

AU - Fuss, Johannes

AU - Gabrhelík, Roman

AU - Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret

AU - Gjoneska, Biljana

AU - Grubbs, Joshua B.

AU - Hashim, Hashim T.

AU - Islam, Md Saiful

AU - Ismail, Mustafa

AU - Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C.

AU - Jurin, Tanja

AU - Kalina, Ondrej

AU - Klein, Verena

AU - Költő, András

AU - Lee, Sang Kyu

AU - Lin, Chung Ying

AU - Lin, Yi Ching

AU - Lochner, Christine

AU - López-Alvarado, Silvia

AU - Lukavská, Kateřina

AU - Mayta-Tristán, Percy

AU - Miller, Dan J.

AU - Orosová, Oľga

AU - Orosz, Gábor

AU - Ponce, Fernando P.

AU - Quintana, Gonzalo R.

PY - 2024/1/5

Y1 - 2024/1/5

N2 - Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.

AB - Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.

KW - ADHD

KW - adult ADHD

KW - assessment

KW - attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

KW - cross-cultural

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181975161&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1177/10870547231215518

DO - 10.1177/10870547231215518

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85181975161

SN - 1087-0547

VL - 28

SP - 512

EP - 530

JO - Journal of Attention Disorders

JF - Journal of Attention Disorders

IS - 4

ER -

Cross-Cultural Adult ADHD Assessment in 42 Countries Using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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