Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records

PT COVID-19 group

doi:10.1111/irv.13121

Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records

PT COVID-19 group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination exposure (primary or booster). Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region, week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin. Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to −6.0% (95% CI: 29.2% to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively. Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.

Original language	English
Article number	e13121
Journal	Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses
Volume	17
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13121
Publication status	Published - Mar 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Funding

The acquisition of sequencing equipment and reagents used in this study by the Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00FAde Doutor Ricardo Jorge was partially funded by the HERA project (grant no. 2021/PHF/23776), supported by the European Commission through the European Centre for Disease Control, and also partially funded by the Genome PT project (grant no. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020\u2013Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation, Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme, Algarve Portugal Regional Operational, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund, and by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. The Algarve Biomedical Center Laboratory received public funding through the Project ALG-D2-2021-06 Variants Screen in Southern Portugal\u2013Monitoring Variants of Concern in Southern Portugal and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation national support through the Comprehensive Health Research Center (grant no. UIDP/04923/2020). The acquisition of sequencing equipment and reagents used in this study by the Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00FAde Doutor Ricardo Jorge was partially funded by the HERA project (grant no. 2021/PHF/23776), supported by the European Commission through the European Centre for Disease Control, and also partially funded by the Genome PT project (grant no. POCI\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010022184), supported by COMPETE 2020\u2013Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation, Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme, Algarve Portugal Regional Operational, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund, and by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. The Algarve Biomedical Center Laboratory received public funding through the Project ALG\u2010D2\u20102021\u201006 Variants Screen in Southern Portugal\u2013Monitoring Variants of Concern in Southern Portugal and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation national support through the Comprehensive Health Research Center (grant no. UIDP/04923/2020). Funding information

Funders	Funder number
European Commission
Comprehensive Health Research Center
Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
European Regional Development Fund
Genome PT project	POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐022184
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia	ALG-D2-2021-06, UIDP/04923/2020
Instituto Nacional de Saúde	2021/PHF/23776

Keywords

COVID-19
Delta variant
Omicron variant
SARS-CoV-2
case–case design
vaccine effectiveness

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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@article{6164b2cb61614d71ba5fee99891482b0,

title = "Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records",

abstract = "Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination exposure (primary or booster). Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region, week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin. Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to −6.0% (95% CI: 29.2% to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively. Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Delta variant, Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2, case–case design, vaccine effectiveness",

author = "{PT COVID-19 group} and Irina Kislaya and Andr{\'e} Peralta-Santos and V{\'i}tor Borges and Lu{\'i}s Vieira and Carlos Sousa and Bibiana Ferreira and Ana Pelerito and Gomes, {Jo{\~a}o Paulo} and Leite, {Pedro Pinto} and Baltazar Nunes and Ausenda Machado and Rodrigues, {Ana Paula} and Peixoto, {Vasco Ricoca} and Pedro Casaca and Eugenia Fernandes and Eduardo Rodrigues and Rita Ferreira and Joana Isidro and Miguel Pinto and S{\'i}lvia Duarte and Daniela Santos and Lu{\'i}s Meneses and Almeida, {Jos{\'e} Pedro} and Ana Matias and Samanta Freire and Teresa Grilo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1111/irv.13121",

language = "English",

volume = "17",

journal = "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses",

issn = "1750-2640",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "3",

}

Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records. / PT COVID-19 group.
In: Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Vol. 17, No. 3, e13121, 03.2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants

T2 - A case–case study based on electronic health records

AU - PT COVID-19 group

AU - Kislaya, Irina

AU - Peralta-Santos, André

AU - Borges, Vítor

AU - Vieira, Luís

AU - Sousa, Carlos

AU - Ferreira, Bibiana

AU - Pelerito, Ana

AU - Gomes, João Paulo

AU - Leite, Pedro Pinto

AU - Nunes, Baltazar

AU - Machado, Ausenda

AU - Rodrigues, Ana Paula

AU - Peixoto, Vasco Ricoca

AU - Casaca, Pedro

AU - Fernandes, Eugenia

AU - Rodrigues, Eduardo

AU - Ferreira, Rita

AU - Isidro, Joana

AU - Pinto, Miguel

AU - Duarte, Sílvia

AU - Santos, Daniela

AU - Meneses, Luís

AU - Almeida, José Pedro

AU - Matias, Ana

AU - Freire, Samanta

AU - Grilo, Teresa

PY - 2023/3

Y1 - 2023/3

N2 - Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination exposure (primary or booster). Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region, week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin. Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to −6.0% (95% CI: 29.2% to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively. Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.

AB - Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination exposure (primary or booster). Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region, week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin. Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to −6.0% (95% CI: 29.2% to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively. Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Delta variant

KW - Omicron variant

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - case–case design

KW - vaccine effectiveness

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150531666&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/irv.13121

DO - 10.1111/irv.13121

M3 - Article

C2 - 36935845

AN - SCOPUS:85150531666

SN - 1750-2640

VL - 17

JO - Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses

JF - Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses

IS - 3

M1 - e13121

ER -

Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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