Associação entre a relação 2D:4D e o desempenho desportivo em atletas. Uma revisão sistemática e metaanálisis

Introduction: The identification of young talented athletes in high-performance sports requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers the complex interplay of genetic, psychological, physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, with the 2D:4D ratio potentially serving as an additional tool. Objective: This study aims to analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the relationships between the 2D:4D ratio and various physical capacities in athletes of different ages and competitive levels. Methodology: The literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, with the retrieved articles being imported into Cadima software to optimize evidence synthesis and ensure methodological rigor. The quality of the studies was assessed using the “Downs and Black” checklist, and the statistical analysis of the meta-analysis was performed using a Random Effects model to account for variability among the studies. Results: A total of 67 studies were selected for the literature review, and 19 studies, which evaluated 3581 2D:4D ratios, were included in the meta-analysis. The main findings revealed significant differences between men and women, with men typically exhibiting lower 2D:4D values. Additionally, athletes tend to have lower 2D:4D ratios compared to non-athletes. Conclusions: Negative associations were identified between the 2D:4D ratio and aerobic capacity, VO2max, anaerobic power, and muscular strength, while relationships with speed, anaerobic capacity, and flexibility was less consistent.